Egypt, which lies in north-eastern Africa and extends into the Sinai Peninsula in Asia, covers a total area of 1 million square kilometres (km²). It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip, Israel and the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.

In 2005, the government implemented its Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) plan, which ran until 2017. Another plan was lunched in 2010, which run

There is significant conflict over access and rights to Nile water resources among the 11 riparian countries of the Nile Basin.