Freshwater resources in Kuwait are very scarce due to low precipitation, a high rate of evaporation and the dry sandy nature of the topsoil. Kuwait has no lakes or rivers, and the main natural water resources are limited to brackish groundwater.

The main water challenges that Kuwait faces is rising water scarcity and the increasing financial, economic and environmental impacts associated with meeting sectoral water demands. These challenges are expected to grow because of rapid population growth and urbanization, increasing food demands, climate change impacts, unsustainable consumption, water losses, inadequate water reuse and the continuous deterioration and depletion of the groundwater resources